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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Montserrat (2002)
Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Montserrat (2002)
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) | Montserrat (2002) | |
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| Administrative divisions | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years: 23.6% (male 1,001; female 986)
15-64 years: 65% (male 2,624; female 2,864) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 508; female 454) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products | cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products |
| Airports | 5 (2002) | none; only airport was destroyed by volcanic activity; a helicopter service to Antigua is used |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 3
under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
- |
| Area | total: 12,173 sq km
land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
total: 102 sq km
land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Connecticut | about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. | Much of this island has been devastated and two-thirds of the population has fled abroad due to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano that began on 18 July 1995. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 17.54 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $66.2 million
expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
revenues: $31.4 million
expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million |
| Capital | Stanley | Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat) |
| Climate | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate | tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 1,288 km | 40 km |
| Constitution | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 | present constitution came into force 19 December 1989 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Montserrat |
| Currency | Falkland pound (FKP) | East Caribbean dollar (XCD) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 7.47 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $8.9 million (1997) (1997) |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina | overseas territory of the UK |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Disputes - international | claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance |
| Economy - overview | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. | Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade. |
| Electricity - consumption | 15.19 million kWh (2001) | 4.65 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 16.33 million kWh (2001) | 5 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m |
| Environment - current issues | overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster | land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation |
| Ethnic groups | British | black, white |
| Exchange rates | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound | East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Anthony LONGRIGG (since NA May 2001)
head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $1.5 million (1998) |
| Exports - commodities | wool, hides, meat | electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle |
| Exports - partners | Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002) | US, Antigua and Barbuda (1993) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT | blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $31 million (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: 5%
industry: 14% services: 81% (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2,400 (1999 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | -1.5% (1999 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 51 45 S, 59 00 W | 16 45 N, 62 12 W |
| Geography - note | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season | the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes |
| Highways | total: 440 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002) |
total: 269 km
paved: 203 km unpaved: 66 km (1995) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $26 million (1998) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing | machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials |
| Imports - partners | UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002) | US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1993) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | fish and wool processing; tourism | tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
7.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.6% (1998) | 5% (1998) (1998) |
| International organization participation | ICFTU | Caricom, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, WCL |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 17 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction | Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court) |
| Labor force | 1,100 (est.) | 4,521 (1992); note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.) |
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English | English |
| Legal system | English common law | English common law and statutory law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor
elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout |
unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)
note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members elections: last held NA April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2 note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
total population: 78.2 years
male: 76.1 years female: 80.4 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1970 est.) |
| Location | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico |
| Map references | South America | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| National holiday | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) | Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) |
| Nationality | noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island |
noun: Montserratian(s)
adjective: Montserratian |
| Natural hazards | strong winds persist throughout the year | severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1996) |
| Natural resources | fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | 74.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none; all independents | National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | NA |
| Population | 2,967 (July 2003 est.) | 8,437
note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.44% (2003 est.) | 8.43% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Stanley
note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988 |
Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 7,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km (2003) |
| Religions | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist | Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: NA
domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA international: NA |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 4,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 70 (1994) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)
note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002) |
1 (1997) |
| Terrain | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains | volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | full employment; labor shortage | 6% (1998 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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